I have a partial solution. (I think)
I started facing the same issue on my Lenovo Ideapad Z510. I purchased it in March 2014. The problem started after a Windows (win 8.1) update. I wish I knew which one. My laptop suddenly shutdown and when restarted the battery was 0%. It went from 100% to 0% just ike that. I put it on charge and it went all the way to 30% and then directly to 100%. I did everything mentioned earlier, downloaded Energy Manager, and reinstalled it, uninstalled Microsoft ACPI compliant something something for battery under device manager, but nothing, Guage reset, changed power plans, blah blah. It wouldn't charge properly... and would crash on battery mode. It started say charging for the first few minutes but the charge indicator wouldn't move (normally, there is an animation showing the charge going up and down, but this would remain constant on 3%), and it would then suddenly jump to 100% and say charged.
Then I decided to leave it to charge after powering it off. It seemed to have worked, but then after 30-40 mins on battery, the same issue.
Somebody mentioned earlier to use the RESET key and that's what worked for me.
So, I shutdown my computer, kept it on charge and hit the RESET key. Got the MENU but did nothing and left it there and took out the power cable. It worked. My laptop didn't die. Then after 10 mins, I selected 'Start Normally' in that menu and left my laptop on battery (without the power cable connected). It's been on for about 3 hours now.
Here's the funny thing. The battery indicator in the system tray as no option selected. Normally, it is on Balanced or Power Save or something. (see the screenshot 1) Nothing is selected. When it booted it said Battery 100% and 30 mins remaining. But now having been on for about 3 hours, it says 96% 30 mins remaining (low brightness, so it's managed to stay on). It went up to 32 mins as I am writing this post. (screenshot 2).
So, I'm quite sure there is some software defect/bug. My hardware seems fine. I will now try a few things, like uninstall any battery management software, a windows update or try Ubunutu ( I dual booted it ) or something, but won't give to the service center just yet. (I have extended warranty but not sure if they will cover it.) I am pretty sure it's a software issue. So wil experiment and post here.
Do try this Reset key method and post your observations.
Karan

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