I submitted a support request through ESC+, and got a call this morning from them regarding my request. I was told that, at least in the opinion of this support person, that this is a Windows software issue and not an issue with the hardware, and because the USB driver is a standard Microsoft driver that it's a problem that Microsoft will have to address.
This apparently is the first Lenovo has heard of this, so I am not sure if I have the clout to press this issue with Lenovo for them to really look into. I haven't done anything strange or unusual with my system, so it's my sincere belief that this issue would occur with any brand new W510 before any software is change from the initial image. I think Lenovo and their Enhance Experience people should have a look into this and if nothing else point out the problem to Microsoft for them to fix. After all, Lenovo has released USB 3.0 drivers, so I don't see why they wouldn't release a fix for this USB port, and who knows, maybe this really is a hardware issue and not a software issue. Maybe the hardware doesn't respond to wake-up requests like they expected.
I'd hate to resort to a carpet bomb method to get Lenovo to actually look at this. I paid a huge chunk of money for extended warantee service, so I would expect Lenovo to be able to test this problem themselves rather than asking their customers to do the work for them. He asked me to reimage the machine and see if that fixes it, but I don't have the time to do that right now. Send me another hard drive and I'll do your testing for you, but I think this is on Lenovo to look at. I have all the Lenovo updates and Windows updates that could ever have any relation to this issue, so somebody needs to be aware of this. I don't think this is entirely Microsoft's fault, and if anything the call I got felt more like a blame-shifting technique so Lenovo can avoid incurring expenses from this. I really think this has more to do with the fact that this is an unusual "always-on" USB port.
If Mark from Lenovo or one of the Microsoft MVP people on this forum could contribute, that would be great. Otherwise, I'd advise all of you to submit similar requests either through ESC+ or their phone support so they're aware that this is a widespread issue. And if you have a W510 and a usb mouse, test the steps above on your system to see if this is a problem across all W510s.